PostgreSQL Quickstart

This guide provides a comprehensive walkabout for deploying and managing PostgreSQL clusters using the KubeBlocks PostgreSQL Add-on, covering:

System prerequisites and add-on installation
Cluster creation and configuration
Operational management including start/stop procedures
Connection methods and cluster monitoring

Prerequisites

System Requirements

Before proceeding, verify your environment meets these requirements:

A functional Kubernetes cluster (v1.21+ recommended)
kubectl v1.21+ installed and configured with cluster access
Helm installed (installation guide)
KubeBlocks installed (installation guide)

Verify PostgreSQL Add-on

The PostgreSQL Add-on is included with KubeBlocks by default. Check its status:

helm list -n kb-system | grep postgresql

Example Output:

NAME                    NAMESPACE   REVISION    UPDATED                     STATUS      CHART
kb-addon-postgresql     kb-system   1           2025-05-21                  deployed    postgresql-1.0.0

If the add-on isn't enabled, choose an installation method:


# Add Helm repo
helm repo add kubeblocks-addons https://apecloud.github.io/helm-charts
# For users in Mainland China, if GitHub is inaccessible or slow, use this alternative repo:
#helm repo add kubeblocks-addons https://jihulab.com/api/v4/projects/150246/packages/helm/stable

# Update helm repo
helm repo update
# Search available Add-on versions
helm search repo kubeblocks/postgresql --versions
# Install your desired version (replace <VERSION> with your chosen version)
helm upgrade -i kb-addon-postgresql kubeblocks-addons/postgresql --version <VERSION> -n kb-system


# Add an index (kubeblocks is added by default)
kbcli addon index add kubeblocks https://github.com/apecloud/block-index.git
# Update the index
kbcli addon index update kubeblocks
# Update all indexes
kbcli addon index update --all

To search and install an addon:


# Search Add-on
kbcli addon search postgresql
# Install Add-on with your desired version (replace <VERSION> with your chosen version)
kbcli addon install postgresql --version <VERSION>

Example Output:

ADDON   VERSION         INDEX
postgresql   0.9.1           kubeblocks
postgresql   0.9.2           kubeblocks
postgresql   0.9.3           kubeblocks
postgresql   1.0.0           kubeblocks

To enable or disable an addon:


# Enable Add-on
kbcli addon enable postgresql
# Disable Add-on
kbcli addon disable postgresql

NOTE

Version Compatibility

Always verify that the PostgreSQL Add-on version matches your KubeBlocks major version to avoid compatibility issues.

Verify Supported PostgreSQL Versions

List available PostgreSQL versions:

kubectl get cmpv postgresql

Example Output

NAME         VERSIONS                                              STATUS      AGE
postgresql   16.4.0,15.7.0,14.8.0,14.7.2,12.15.0,12.14.1,12.14.0   Available   33d

Check version compatibility for ComponentDefinitions

Step 1. Get the list of ComponentDefinition associated with a given ComponentVersion


kubectl get cmpv postgresql -ojson | jq -r '.metadata.annotations."componentversion.kubeblocks.io/compatible-definitions"' | tr ',' '\n'

Example Output

postgresql-12-1.0.0
postgresql-14-1.0.0
postgresql-15-1.0.0
postgresql-16-1.0.0

Step 2. Get the list of ComponentDefinition associated with a given ComponentVersion


kubectl get cmpv postgresql -o json | jq -r '.spec.compatibilityRules[] | select(.compDefs | any(startswith("postgresql-14"))) | .releases[]'

This returns versions compatible with ComponentDefinition named postgresql-14:

Example Output

14.7.2
14.8.0

Storage Configuration

PostgreSQL requires persistent storage. Verify available options:

kubectl get storageclass

Recommended storage characteristics:

Minimum 20Gi capacity
ReadWriteOnce access mode
Supports volume expansion
Appropriate performance for workload

Deploy a PostgreSQL Cluster

Deploy a basic PostgreSQL cluster with default settings:

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apecloud/kubeblocks-addons/refs/heads/main/examples/postgresql/cluster.yaml

This creates:

A 2-replica PostgreSQL cluster
Default resource allocations (0.5 CPU, 0.5Gi memory)
20Gi persistent storage
Automatic primary-replica configuration


apiVersion: apps.kubeblocks.io/v1
kind: Cluster
metadata:
  name: pg-cluster
  namespace: demo
spec:
  # Specifies the behavior when a Cluster is deleted.
  # Valid options are: [DoNotTerminate, Delete, WipeOut] (`Halt` is deprecated since KB 0.9)
  # - `DoNotTerminate`: Prevents deletion of the Cluster. This policy ensures that all resources remain intact.
  # - `Delete`: Extends the `Halt` policy by also removing PVCs, leading to a thorough cleanup while removing all persistent data.
  # - `WipeOut`: An aggressive policy that deletes all Cluster resources, including volume snapshots and backups in external storage. This results in complete data removal and should be used cautiously, primarily in non-production environments to avoid irreversible data loss.
  terminationPolicy: Delete
  # Specifies the name of the ClusterDefinition to use when creating a Cluster.
  # Note: DO NOT UPDATE THIS FIELD
  # The value must be `postgresql` to create a PostgreSQL Cluster
  clusterDef: postgresql
  # Specifies the name of the ClusterTopology to be used when creating the
  # Cluster.
  # Valid options are: [replication]
  topology: replication
  # Specifies a list of ClusterComponentSpec objects used to define the
  # individual Components that make up a Cluster.
  # This field allows for detailed configuration of each Component within the Cluster
  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      # ServiceVersion specifies the version of the Service expected to be
      # provisioned by this Component.
      # Valid options are: [12.14.0,12.14.1,12.15.0,12.22.0,14.7.2,14.8.0,14.18.0,15.7.0,15.13.0,16.4.0,16.9.0,17.5.0]
      serviceVersion: "14.7.2"
      # Determines whether metrics exporter information is annotated on the
      # Component's headless Service.
      # Valid options are [true, false]
      disableExporter: false
      # Update `replicas` to your need.
      replicas: 2
      # Specifies the resources required by the Component.
      resources:
        limits:
          cpu: "0.5"
          memory: "0.5Gi"
        requests:
          cpu: "0.5"
          memory: "0.5Gi"
      # Specifies a list of PersistentVolumeClaim templates that define the storage
      # requirements for the Component.
      volumeClaimTemplates:
        # Refers to the name of a volumeMount defined in
        # `componentDefinition.spec.runtime.containers[*].volumeMounts
        - name: data
          spec:
            # The name of the StorageClass required by the claim.
            # If not specified, the StorageClass annotated with
            # `storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class=true` will be used by default
            storageClassName: ""
            accessModes:
              - ReadWriteOnce
            resources:
              requests:
                # Set the storage size as needed
                storage: 20Gi

For more API fields and descriptions, refer to the API Reference.

Create a Version-Specific PostgreSQL Cluster

To create a cluster with a specific version, configure spec.componentSpecs.serviceVersion (major.minor version) fields before applying it:


  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      serviceVersion: 12.15.0    # Valid options: [12.15.0,12.14.1,12.14.0]


  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      serviceVersion: 14.7.2     # Valid options: [14.18.0,14.8.0,14.7.2]


  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      serviceVersion: 15.7.0    # Valid options: [15.13.0,15.7.0]


  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      serviceVersion: 16.4.0    # Valid options: [16.9.0,16.4.0]


  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      serviceVersion: 17.5.0    # Valid options: [17.5.0]

List available ComponentDefinition and ComponentVersion:

kubectl get cmpd -l app.kubernetes.io/name=postgresql

Example Output

NAME                          SERVICE      SERVICE-VERSION   STATUS      AGE
postgresql-12-1.0.0           postgresql   12.15.0           Available   22d
postgresql-14-1.0.0           postgresql   14.8.0            Available   22d
postgresql-15-1.0.0           postgresql   15.7.0            Available   22d
postgresql-16-1.0.0           postgresql   16.4.0            Available   22d
postgresql-17-1.0.0           postgresql   17.5.0            Available   22d

kubectl get cmpv -l app.kubernetes.io/name=postgresql

Example Output

NAME         VERSIONS                                              STATUS      AGE
postgresql   16.4.0,15.7.0,14.8.0,14.7.2,12.15.0,12.14.1,12.14.0   Available   22d

Verify Cluster Status

When deploying a PostgreSQL cluster with 2 replicas, KubeBlocks automatically configures:

Primary replica (read/write operations)
Secondary replica (read-only operations)

Confirm successful deployment by checking:

Cluster phase is Running
All pods are operational
Replicas have correct roles

Check status using either method:

kubectl get cluster pg-cluster -n demo
NAME         CLUSTER-DEFINITION   TERMINATION-POLICY   STATUS    AGE
pg-cluster   postgresql           Delete               Running   107s

kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/instance=pg-cluster -n demo
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pg-cluster-postgresql-0   4/4     Running   0          31m
pg-cluster-postgresql-1   4/4     Running   0          31m

With kbcli installed, you can view comprehensive cluster information:

kbcli cluster describe pg-cluster -n demo
Name: pg-cluster	 Created Time: May 15,2025 14:23 UTC+0800
NAMESPACE   CLUSTER-DEFINITION   TOPOLOGY      STATUS    TERMINATION-POLICY
demo        postgresql           replication   Running   Delete

Endpoints:
COMPONENT    INTERNAL                                                       EXTERNAL
postgresql   pg-cluster-postgresql-postgresql.demo.svc.cluster.local:5432   <none>
             pg-cluster-postgresql-postgresql.demo.svc.cluster.local:6432

Topology:
COMPONENT    SERVICE-VERSION   INSTANCE                  ROLE        STATUS    AZ        NODE        CREATED-TIME
postgresql   14.7.2            pg-cluster-postgresql-0   primary     Running   zone-1a   ip-x-y-z    Dec 16,2024 08:37 UTC+0800
postgresql   14.7.2            pg-cluster-postgresql-1   secondary   Running   zone-1b   ip-x-y-z    Dec 16,2024 08:37 UTC+0800

Resources Allocation:
COMPONENT    INSTANCE-TEMPLATE   CPU(REQUEST/LIMIT)   MEMORY(REQUEST/LIMIT)   STORAGE-SIZE   STORAGE-CLASS
postgresql                       500m / 500m          512Mi / 512Mi           data:20Gi      <STORAGE_CLASS_NAME>

Images:
COMPONENT    COMPONENT-DEFINITION          IMAGE
postgresql   postgresql-14-1.0.0           docker.io/apecloud/spilo:14.7.2-pgvector-v0.6.1
                                           docker.io/bitnami/pgbouncer:1.19.0

Data Protection:
BACKUP-REPO   AUTO-BACKUP   BACKUP-SCHEDULE   BACKUP-METHOD   BACKUP-RETENTION   RECOVERABLE-TIME

Show cluster events: kbcli cluster list-events -n demo pg-cluster

Access the PostgreSQL Cluster

KubeBlocks automatically provisions:

Credentials stored in Secret pg-cluster-postgresql-account-postgres
ClusterIP Service pg-cluster-postgresql-postgresql

Retrieve Credentials


# Get username
NAME=$(kubectl get secret -n demo pg-cluster-postgresql-account-postgres -o jsonpath='{.data.username}' | base64 --decode)

# Get password
PASSWD=$(kubectl get secret -n demo pg-cluster-postgresql-account-postgres -o jsonpath='{.data.password}' | base64 --decode)

Connection Methods

Connect directly to a pod:


kubectl exec -ti -n demo pg-cluster-postgresql-0 -- \
  env PGUSER=${NAME} PGPASSWORD=${PASSWD} \
  psql -h pg-cluster-postgresql-postgresql

Forward service port:

kubectl port-forward svc/pg-cluster-postgresql-postgresql 5432:5432 -n demo

Connect via localhost:
```
psql -h 127.0.0.1 -U${NAME} -W
```

NOTE

Production Considerations

For production environments, avoid using kubectl exec and port-forward. Instead implement:

LoadBalancer or NodePort Services for external access
Network policies to restrict access
TLS encryption for secure connections
Connection pooling for better performance

Stop the PostgreSQL Cluster

Stopping a cluster temporarily suspends operations while preserving all data and configuration:

Key Effects:

Compute resources (Pods) are released
Persistent storage (PVCs) remains intact
Service definitions are maintained
Cluster configuration is preserved
Operational costs are reduced

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apecloud/kubeblocks-addons/refs/heads/main/examples/postgresql/stop.yaml


apiVersion: operations.kubeblocks.io/v1alpha1
kind: OpsRequest
metadata:
  name: pg-stop
  namespace: demo
spec:
  clusterName: pg-cluster
  type: Stop

Alternatively, stop by setting spec.componentSpecs.stop to true:


kubectl patch cluster pg-cluster -n demo --type='json' -p='[
{
  "op": "add",
  "path": "/spec/componentSpecs/0/stop",
  "value": true
}
]'


spec:
  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      stop: true  # Set to stop component
      replicas: 2

Start the PostgreSQL Cluster

Restarting a stopped cluster resumes operations with all data and configuration intact.

Key Effects:

Compute resources (Pods) are recreated
Services become available again
Cluster returns to previous state

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apecloud/kubeblocks-addons/refs/heads/main/examples/postgresql/start.yaml


apiVersion: operations.kubeblocks.io/v1alpha1
kind: OpsRequest
metadata:
  name: pg-start
  namespace: demo
spec:
  clusterName: pg-cluster
  type: Start

Restart by setting spec.componentSpecs.stop to false:


kubectl patch cluster pg-cluster -n demo --type='json' -p='[
{
  "op": "remove",
  "path": "/spec/componentSpecs/0/stop"
}
]'


spec:
  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      stop: false  # Set to start component
      replicas: 2

Delete PostgreSQL Cluster

Choose carefully based on your data retention needs:

Policy	Resources Removed	Data Removed	Recommended For
DoNotTerminate	None	None	Critical production clusters
Delete	All resources	PVCs deleted	Non-critical environments
WipeOut	All resources	Everything*	Test environments only

*Includes snapshots and backups in external storage

Pre-Deletion Checklist:

Verify no applications are using the cluster
Ensure required backups exist
Confirm proper terminationPolicy is set
Check for dependent resources

For test environments, use this complete cleanup:


kubectl patch cluster pg-cluster -p '{"spec":{"terminationPolicy":"WipeOut"}}' --type="merge" -n demo
kubectl delete cluster pg-cluster -n demo

PostgreSQL Quickstart

This guide provides a comprehensive walkabout for deploying and managing PostgreSQL clusters using the KubeBlocks PostgreSQL Add-on, covering:

System prerequisites and add-on installation
Cluster creation and configuration
Operational management including start/stop procedures
Connection methods and cluster monitoring

Prerequisites

System Requirements

Before proceeding, verify your environment meets these requirements:

A functional Kubernetes cluster (v1.21+ recommended)
kubectl v1.21+ installed and configured with cluster access
Helm installed (installation guide)
KubeBlocks installed (installation guide)

Verify PostgreSQL Add-on

The PostgreSQL Add-on is included with KubeBlocks by default. Check its status:

helm list -n kb-system | grep postgresql

Example Output:

NAME                    NAMESPACE   REVISION    UPDATED                     STATUS      CHART
kb-addon-postgresql     kb-system   1           2025-05-21                  deployed    postgresql-1.0.0

If the add-on isn't enabled, choose an installation method:


# Add Helm repo
helm repo add kubeblocks-addons https://apecloud.github.io/helm-charts
# For users in Mainland China, if GitHub is inaccessible or slow, use this alternative repo:
#helm repo add kubeblocks-addons https://jihulab.com/api/v4/projects/150246/packages/helm/stable

# Update helm repo
helm repo update
# Search available Add-on versions
helm search repo kubeblocks/postgresql --versions
# Install your desired version (replace <VERSION> with your chosen version)
helm upgrade -i kb-addon-postgresql kubeblocks-addons/postgresql --version <VERSION> -n kb-system


# Add an index (kubeblocks is added by default)
kbcli addon index add kubeblocks https://github.com/apecloud/block-index.git
# Update the index
kbcli addon index update kubeblocks
# Update all indexes
kbcli addon index update --all

To search and install an addon:


# Search Add-on
kbcli addon search postgresql
# Install Add-on with your desired version (replace <VERSION> with your chosen version)
kbcli addon install postgresql --version <VERSION>

Example Output:

ADDON   VERSION         INDEX
postgresql   0.9.1           kubeblocks
postgresql   0.9.2           kubeblocks
postgresql   0.9.3           kubeblocks
postgresql   1.0.0           kubeblocks

To enable or disable an addon:


# Enable Add-on
kbcli addon enable postgresql
# Disable Add-on
kbcli addon disable postgresql

NOTE

Version Compatibility

Always verify that the PostgreSQL Add-on version matches your KubeBlocks major version to avoid compatibility issues.

Verify Supported PostgreSQL Versions

List available PostgreSQL versions:

kubectl get cmpv postgresql

Example Output

NAME         VERSIONS                                              STATUS      AGE
postgresql   16.4.0,15.7.0,14.8.0,14.7.2,12.15.0,12.14.1,12.14.0   Available   33d

Check version compatibility for ComponentDefinitions

Step 1. Get the list of ComponentDefinition associated with a given ComponentVersion


kubectl get cmpv postgresql -ojson | jq -r '.metadata.annotations."componentversion.kubeblocks.io/compatible-definitions"' | tr ',' '\n'

Example Output

postgresql-12-1.0.0
postgresql-14-1.0.0
postgresql-15-1.0.0
postgresql-16-1.0.0

Step 2. Get the list of ComponentDefinition associated with a given ComponentVersion


kubectl get cmpv postgresql -o json | jq -r '.spec.compatibilityRules[] | select(.compDefs | any(startswith("postgresql-14"))) | .releases[]'

This returns versions compatible with ComponentDefinition named postgresql-14:

Example Output

14.7.2
14.8.0

Storage Configuration

PostgreSQL requires persistent storage. Verify available options:

kubectl get storageclass

Recommended storage characteristics:

Minimum 20Gi capacity
ReadWriteOnce access mode
Supports volume expansion
Appropriate performance for workload

Deploy a PostgreSQL Cluster

Deploy a basic PostgreSQL cluster with default settings:

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apecloud/kubeblocks-addons/refs/heads/main/examples/postgresql/cluster.yaml

This creates:

A 2-replica PostgreSQL cluster
Default resource allocations (0.5 CPU, 0.5Gi memory)
20Gi persistent storage
Automatic primary-replica configuration


apiVersion: apps.kubeblocks.io/v1
kind: Cluster
metadata:
  name: pg-cluster
  namespace: demo
spec:
  # Specifies the behavior when a Cluster is deleted.
  # Valid options are: [DoNotTerminate, Delete, WipeOut] (`Halt` is deprecated since KB 0.9)
  # - `DoNotTerminate`: Prevents deletion of the Cluster. This policy ensures that all resources remain intact.
  # - `Delete`: Extends the `Halt` policy by also removing PVCs, leading to a thorough cleanup while removing all persistent data.
  # - `WipeOut`: An aggressive policy that deletes all Cluster resources, including volume snapshots and backups in external storage. This results in complete data removal and should be used cautiously, primarily in non-production environments to avoid irreversible data loss.
  terminationPolicy: Delete
  # Specifies the name of the ClusterDefinition to use when creating a Cluster.
  # Note: DO NOT UPDATE THIS FIELD
  # The value must be `postgresql` to create a PostgreSQL Cluster
  clusterDef: postgresql
  # Specifies the name of the ClusterTopology to be used when creating the
  # Cluster.
  # Valid options are: [replication]
  topology: replication
  # Specifies a list of ClusterComponentSpec objects used to define the
  # individual Components that make up a Cluster.
  # This field allows for detailed configuration of each Component within the Cluster
  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      # ServiceVersion specifies the version of the Service expected to be
      # provisioned by this Component.
      # Valid options are: [12.14.0,12.14.1,12.15.0,12.22.0,14.7.2,14.8.0,14.18.0,15.7.0,15.13.0,16.4.0,16.9.0,17.5.0]
      serviceVersion: "14.7.2"
      # Determines whether metrics exporter information is annotated on the
      # Component's headless Service.
      # Valid options are [true, false]
      disableExporter: false
      # Update `replicas` to your need.
      replicas: 2
      # Specifies the resources required by the Component.
      resources:
        limits:
          cpu: "0.5"
          memory: "0.5Gi"
        requests:
          cpu: "0.5"
          memory: "0.5Gi"
      # Specifies a list of PersistentVolumeClaim templates that define the storage
      # requirements for the Component.
      volumeClaimTemplates:
        # Refers to the name of a volumeMount defined in
        # `componentDefinition.spec.runtime.containers[*].volumeMounts
        - name: data
          spec:
            # The name of the StorageClass required by the claim.
            # If not specified, the StorageClass annotated with
            # `storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class=true` will be used by default
            storageClassName: ""
            accessModes:
              - ReadWriteOnce
            resources:
              requests:
                # Set the storage size as needed
                storage: 20Gi

For more API fields and descriptions, refer to the API Reference.

Create a Version-Specific PostgreSQL Cluster

To create a cluster with a specific version, configure spec.componentSpecs.serviceVersion (major.minor version) fields before applying it:


  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      serviceVersion: 12.15.0    # Valid options: [12.15.0,12.14.1,12.14.0]


  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      serviceVersion: 14.7.2     # Valid options: [14.18.0,14.8.0,14.7.2]


  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      serviceVersion: 15.7.0    # Valid options: [15.13.0,15.7.0]


  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      serviceVersion: 16.4.0    # Valid options: [16.9.0,16.4.0]


  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      serviceVersion: 17.5.0    # Valid options: [17.5.0]

List available ComponentDefinition and ComponentVersion:

kubectl get cmpd -l app.kubernetes.io/name=postgresql

Example Output

NAME                          SERVICE      SERVICE-VERSION   STATUS      AGE
postgresql-12-1.0.0           postgresql   12.15.0           Available   22d
postgresql-14-1.0.0           postgresql   14.8.0            Available   22d
postgresql-15-1.0.0           postgresql   15.7.0            Available   22d
postgresql-16-1.0.0           postgresql   16.4.0            Available   22d
postgresql-17-1.0.0           postgresql   17.5.0            Available   22d

kubectl get cmpv -l app.kubernetes.io/name=postgresql

Example Output

NAME         VERSIONS                                              STATUS      AGE
postgresql   16.4.0,15.7.0,14.8.0,14.7.2,12.15.0,12.14.1,12.14.0   Available   22d

Verify Cluster Status

When deploying a PostgreSQL cluster with 2 replicas, KubeBlocks automatically configures:

Primary replica (read/write operations)
Secondary replica (read-only operations)

Confirm successful deployment by checking:

Cluster phase is Running
All pods are operational
Replicas have correct roles

Check status using either method:

kubectl get cluster pg-cluster -n demo
NAME         CLUSTER-DEFINITION   TERMINATION-POLICY   STATUS    AGE
pg-cluster   postgresql           Delete               Running   107s

kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/instance=pg-cluster -n demo
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pg-cluster-postgresql-0   4/4     Running   0          31m
pg-cluster-postgresql-1   4/4     Running   0          31m

With kbcli installed, you can view comprehensive cluster information:

kbcli cluster describe pg-cluster -n demo
Name: pg-cluster	 Created Time: May 15,2025 14:23 UTC+0800
NAMESPACE   CLUSTER-DEFINITION   TOPOLOGY      STATUS    TERMINATION-POLICY
demo        postgresql           replication   Running   Delete

Endpoints:
COMPONENT    INTERNAL                                                       EXTERNAL
postgresql   pg-cluster-postgresql-postgresql.demo.svc.cluster.local:5432   <none>
             pg-cluster-postgresql-postgresql.demo.svc.cluster.local:6432

Topology:
COMPONENT    SERVICE-VERSION   INSTANCE                  ROLE        STATUS    AZ        NODE        CREATED-TIME
postgresql   14.7.2            pg-cluster-postgresql-0   primary     Running   zone-1a   ip-x-y-z    Dec 16,2024 08:37 UTC+0800
postgresql   14.7.2            pg-cluster-postgresql-1   secondary   Running   zone-1b   ip-x-y-z    Dec 16,2024 08:37 UTC+0800

Resources Allocation:
COMPONENT    INSTANCE-TEMPLATE   CPU(REQUEST/LIMIT)   MEMORY(REQUEST/LIMIT)   STORAGE-SIZE   STORAGE-CLASS
postgresql                       500m / 500m          512Mi / 512Mi           data:20Gi      <STORAGE_CLASS_NAME>

Images:
COMPONENT    COMPONENT-DEFINITION          IMAGE
postgresql   postgresql-14-1.0.0           docker.io/apecloud/spilo:14.7.2-pgvector-v0.6.1
                                           docker.io/bitnami/pgbouncer:1.19.0

Data Protection:
BACKUP-REPO   AUTO-BACKUP   BACKUP-SCHEDULE   BACKUP-METHOD   BACKUP-RETENTION   RECOVERABLE-TIME

Show cluster events: kbcli cluster list-events -n demo pg-cluster

Access the PostgreSQL Cluster

KubeBlocks automatically provisions:

Credentials stored in Secret pg-cluster-postgresql-account-postgres
ClusterIP Service pg-cluster-postgresql-postgresql

Retrieve Credentials


# Get username
NAME=$(kubectl get secret -n demo pg-cluster-postgresql-account-postgres -o jsonpath='{.data.username}' | base64 --decode)

# Get password
PASSWD=$(kubectl get secret -n demo pg-cluster-postgresql-account-postgres -o jsonpath='{.data.password}' | base64 --decode)

Connection Methods

Connect directly to a pod:


kubectl exec -ti -n demo pg-cluster-postgresql-0 -- \
  env PGUSER=${NAME} PGPASSWORD=${PASSWD} \
  psql -h pg-cluster-postgresql-postgresql

Forward service port:

kubectl port-forward svc/pg-cluster-postgresql-postgresql 5432:5432 -n demo

Connect via localhost:
```
psql -h 127.0.0.1 -U${NAME} -W
```

NOTE

Production Considerations

For production environments, avoid using kubectl exec and port-forward. Instead implement:

LoadBalancer or NodePort Services for external access
Network policies to restrict access
TLS encryption for secure connections
Connection pooling for better performance

Stop the PostgreSQL Cluster

Stopping a cluster temporarily suspends operations while preserving all data and configuration:

Key Effects:

Compute resources (Pods) are released
Persistent storage (PVCs) remains intact
Service definitions are maintained
Cluster configuration is preserved
Operational costs are reduced

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apecloud/kubeblocks-addons/refs/heads/main/examples/postgresql/stop.yaml


apiVersion: operations.kubeblocks.io/v1alpha1
kind: OpsRequest
metadata:
  name: pg-stop
  namespace: demo
spec:
  clusterName: pg-cluster
  type: Stop

Alternatively, stop by setting spec.componentSpecs.stop to true:


kubectl patch cluster pg-cluster -n demo --type='json' -p='[
{
  "op": "add",
  "path": "/spec/componentSpecs/0/stop",
  "value": true
}
]'


spec:
  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      stop: true  # Set to stop component
      replicas: 2

Start the PostgreSQL Cluster

Restarting a stopped cluster resumes operations with all data and configuration intact.

Key Effects:

Compute resources (Pods) are recreated
Services become available again
Cluster returns to previous state

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apecloud/kubeblocks-addons/refs/heads/main/examples/postgresql/start.yaml


apiVersion: operations.kubeblocks.io/v1alpha1
kind: OpsRequest
metadata:
  name: pg-start
  namespace: demo
spec:
  clusterName: pg-cluster
  type: Start

Restart by setting spec.componentSpecs.stop to false:


kubectl patch cluster pg-cluster -n demo --type='json' -p='[
{
  "op": "remove",
  "path": "/spec/componentSpecs/0/stop"
}
]'


spec:
  componentSpecs:
    - name: postgresql
      stop: false  # Set to start component
      replicas: 2

Delete PostgreSQL Cluster

Choose carefully based on your data retention needs:

Policy	Resources Removed	Data Removed	Recommended For
DoNotTerminate	None	None	Critical production clusters
Delete	All resources	PVCs deleted	Non-critical environments
WipeOut	All resources	Everything*	Test environments only

*Includes snapshots and backups in external storage

Pre-Deletion Checklist:

Verify no applications are using the cluster
Ensure required backups exist
Confirm proper terminationPolicy is set
Check for dependent resources

For test environments, use this complete cleanup:


kubectl patch cluster pg-cluster -p '{"spec":{"terminationPolicy":"WipeOut"}}' --type="merge" -n demo
kubectl delete cluster pg-cluster -n demo